Graph-Based Kirchhoff Modeling of Non-Ohmic Electron Transport in Self-Assembled Nanonecklace Networks

Gold nanonecklace networks exhibit non-Ohmic current--voltage I-V characteristics with a sharp conduction threshold, making them promising for sensing and transistor-like devices. However, their conduction has been understood largely empirically, because experiments cannot see how conduction evolves inside the network. To address this, we develop a graph-based Kirchhoff modeling framework that resolves these internal processes, tracking the potential and current of every junction. Although every active element conducts linearly, the model reproduces the non-Ohmic response I proportional to (V-V T) ζ. It also captures the experimentally observed effects of junction properties, network density, and voids, which lends confidence to its predicted internal states. These states show that the non-Ohmic response emerges from voltage-driven percolation. Conduction is governed by how junctions are connected rather than by how many are active, with the current scaling approximately as N 2.3 while the number of active junctions grows only linearly. Contrary to the expectation that junction heterogeneity strengthens the nonlinear response, homogeneous junctions in a well-connected network produce the most abrupt and reproducible turn-on. Thus, each structural parameter acts as a distinct control knob. The mean junction characteristics set the threshold, junction uniformity sets the switching sharpness, and network density and voids set the connectivity and current. These relationships provide design rules for tailoring nanonecklace networks to a desired conduction behavior through synthesis and fabrication.