SkillSeek: Revisiting Agent Skill Retrieval at Marketplace Scale
cs.IR, cs.AI, cs.MA
Submitted: 2026-09-30
Updated: 2026-09-30
Comments: Accepted at AACL-IJCNLP 2026. Code at https://github.com/guanqun-yang/SkillSeek
Code: https://github.com/guanqun-yang/SkillSeek
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: Anthropic's Agent Skills package reusable procedural know-how for an LLM agent into SKILL.md directories, and open-source aggregations have grown past 230,000 skills, making selection rather than
Abstract
Anthropic's Agent Skills package reusable procedural know-how for an LLM agent into SKILL.md directories, and open-source aggregations have grown past 230,000 skills, making selection rather than authoring the bottleneck. The standing answer in the literature outsources selection to the agent itself: an LLM-mediated retrieval loop that rewrites queries and refines candidates inside the agent's decision loop, paying LLM tokens on every task. We present SkillSeek, an open-source two-stage skill retriever built from the standard IR recipe (a BGE-base bi-encoder feeding a small cross-encoder, exposed over MCP). Across a 4 times 11 grid of pool, backbone, and method on the 89-task SkillsBench benchmark, SkillSeek reaches observed parity with the LLM-mediated loop of Liu et al. at essentially no extra cost: plain bm25 alone records a pass rate at or above their refined loop on three of four settings, and a small cross-encoder covers the remaining difference on the fourth. A first-stage recall ceiling explains the pattern, and total per-trial spend drops from USD 51.30 to USD 27.54 (within fifty cents of the no-skill baseline). Under the SkillsBench tasks and OpenHands harness we tested, this positions the standard IR recipe as a strong default for agent-skill retrieval, with LLM-mediated alternatives a natural fit for cases where deterministic methods fall short.
Sources
- SkVM: Revisiting Language VM for Skills across Heterogenous LLMs and Harnesses
- SkillReducer: Optimizing LLM Agent Skills for Token Efficiency
- SkillMOO: Multi-Objective Optimization of Agent Skills for Software Engineering
- SWE-Skills-Bench: Do Agent Skills Actually Help in Real-World Software Engineering?
- SoK: Agentic Skills -- Beyond Tool Use in LLM Agents
- SkillRet: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Skill Retrieval in LLM Agents
- SkillsBench: Benchmarking How Well Agent Skills Work Across Diverse Tasks
- Trojan's Whisper: Stealthy Manipulation of OpenClaw through Injected Bootstrapped Guidance
- How Well Do Agentic Skills Work in the Wild: Benchmarking LLM Skill Usage in Realistic Settings
- Tools are under-documented: Simple Document Expansion Boosts Tool Retrieval
- In Defense of Cross-Encoders for Zero-Shot Retrieval
- SKILLFOUNDRY: Building Self-Evolving Agent Skill Libraries from Heterogeneous Scientific Resources
- Agent Skills for Large Language Models: Architecture, Acquisition, Security, and the Path Forward
- SkillRouter: Skill Routing for LLM Agents at Scale
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