Hardware-aware Calibrated Clustered Attention for Efficient Visual Geometric Transformers

The Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer (VGGT) marks a significant leap forward in 3D scene reconstruction, as it is the first model that directly infers all key 3D attributes (camera poses, depths, and dense geometry) jointly in one pass. However, this joint inference mechanism requires global attention layers with extremely long sequences that causes a significant latency bottleneck. In this paper, we propose blockwise clustered attention (BC attention) to accelerate the global attention layers in VGGT. By limiting the clustering within HW-friendly neighborhood blocks, BC attention reduces the computation overhead of query clustering as well as the costly data movement between on- and off-chip memory. This enables BC attention to scale to long sequences and deliver practical latency improvements on GPUs. Moreover, we introduce a hashing hyperplane calibration method and a threshold-based error compensation method to reduce clustering errors efficiently, which is a bottleneck in the current clustered attention mechanism. Overall, our experiments on GPU demonstrate that calibrated BC attention accelerates the global attention layers by 2.10-2.63 times and the whole backbone by 1.77-2.35 times with negligible loss (1%) for large scenes. With a small performance loss (< 5%), calibrated BC attention further achieves a 2.26-2.87 times latency improvement on the global attention layers and a 1.90-2.55 times improvement on the backbone.