Thinking with Images without Coordinates

arXiv:2610.14265 · cs.CV · Submitted 2026-10-09 · Read on arXiv

cs.CV

Submitted: 2026-10-09

Updated: 2026-10-09

Code: https://github.com/mengcaopku/TiCO

Project page: https://mengcaopku.github.io/TiCO

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

The gist: Recent advances in multi-modal large language models have shifted toward the "thinking with images" paradigm to improve reasoning faithfulness, yet existing methods rely heavily on explicit

Abstract

Recent advances in multi-modal large language models have shifted toward the "thinking with images" paradigm to improve reasoning faithfulness, yet existing methods rely heavily on explicit coordinate- based grounding. We identify two fundamental limitations in this approach, i.e., a semantic gap where sparse regressions miss high-dimensional latent structures, and a resolution gap due to the granularity mismatch between patch-level tokens and pixel-level coordinates. To address these, we propose TiCO (Thinking with images without COordinates). It reformulates visual reasoning as a semantic evidence discovery process within the latent space, and evidence is injected as token-level regions without pixel coordinates. Specifically, TiCO utilizes a dedicated probe token to estimate similarity distributions and performs importance sampling over spatially connected components to generate diverse, semantically dominant evidence rollouts. Extensive experiments across multiple high-resolution and general visual reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that our TiCO consistently outperforms state-of-the-art coordinate-based methods with significantly improved inference efficiency.

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