Combining Post-Quantum Cryptography and Quantum Key Distribution: Taxonomy, Constructions, Proofs, Standards, Deployments and Open Problems

cs.CR

Submitted: 2026-10-13

Updated: 2026-10-13

Comments: 34 pages, 15 tables, 3 figures. Survey; submitted to ACM Computing Surveys

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Sources

• 100 Gbps Quantum-safe IPsec VPN Tunnels over 46 km Deployed Fiber
• A Critical Analysis of Deployed Use Cases for Quantum Key Distribution and Comparison with Post-Quantum Cryptography
• Quantum-Safe Hybrid Key Exchanges with KEM-Based Authentication
• QKD-KEM: Hybrid QKD Integration into TLS with OpenSSL Providers
• Hybrid Quantum Security for IPsec
• Hybrid Schemes of NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standard Algorithms and Quantum Key Distribution for Key Exchange and Digital Signature
• Overview of Quantum Key Distribution Technique within IPsec Architecture
• How to factor 2048 bit RSA integers with less than a million noisy qubits
• QKD Oracles for Authenticated Key Exchange
• The debate over QKD: A rebuttal to the NSA's objections
• QuLore: An Adaptive Security Framework to Extend Quantum-Safe Communications to Real-World Networks
• Practical hybrid PQC-QKD protocols with enhanced security and performance

Related papers

• SoK: AI-Augmented Binary Reversing
• Relaxed Sender Anonymity for CBDC Interbank Settlement: A Zero-Knowledge Approach on Permissioned EVM
• Calibration-Family Overfit: Why Trusted Sabotage Monitors Don't Transfer Across Lineages
• Estimating the Social Cost of Corporate Data Breaches
• Efficient Fuzzy PSI under One-Sided Assumptions
• Sealing the Audit-Runtime Gap for LLM Skills