Accelerating VLA Inference with Perturbation Informed Execution
cs.RO
Submitted: 2026-10-14
Updated: 2026-10-18
Comments: 23 pages, 11 figures, 10 tables
Code: https://github.com/FluxVLA/FluxVLA
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: Action-chunking vision-language-action (VLA) models predict sequences of future robot actions.
Abstract
Action-chunking vision-language-action (VLA) models predict sequences of future robot actions. Under fixed-horizon execution, the robot executes a fixedlength prefix of each predicted chunk before invoking the policy again, leaving the remaining predictions unused. For a given number of executed actions, short execution horizons require more policy calls. Extending the execution horizon amortizes policy inference cost over more actions. However, uniformly applying long horizons across episodes can limit opportunities for precise corrections. To address this limitation, we propose PICES (Perturbation-Informed Chunk and Execution Horizon Selection), a training-free method that jointly selects an action chunk and the number of actions executed before the next policy call. Within a single policy call, the action expert generates a batch of action chunks from multiple initial noise samples and their locally perturbed counterparts, using the same conditioning features across all samples. PICES exploits differences between corresponding actions in each nominal chunk and its counterpart to determine candidate-specific execution horizons and select a nominal chunk for execution. Experiments on simulation benchmarks and real-world manipulation tasks demonstrate that PICES achieves speedup by up to 2.3x in wall-clock policy inference time on Jetson Orin and Thor relative to fixed horizon baselines while improving the success rate.
Sources
- GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robots
- $\pi_0$: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Control
- RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale
- Dynamic Execution Commitment of Vision-Language-Action Models
- See What Matters: Differentiable Grid Sample Pruning for Generalizable Vision-Language-Action Model
- Environment-Aware Adaptive Pruning with Interleaved Inference Orchestration for Vision-Language-Action Models
- $\pi_{0.5}$: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalization
- How Fast Can I Run My VLA? Demystifying VLA Inference Performance with VLA-Perf
- Mixture of Horizons in Action Chunking
- OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model
- Fine-Tuning Vision-Language-Action Models: Optimizing Speed and Success
- CogACT: A Foundational Vision-Language-Action Model for Synergizing Cognition and Action in Robotic Manipulation
- Evaluating Real-World Robot Manipulation Policies in Simulation
- Adaptive Action Chunking at Inference-time for Vision-Language-Action Models
- Running VLAs at Real-time Speed
- SmolVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for Affordable and Efficient Robotics
- SpecPrune-VLA: Accelerating Vision-Language-Action Models via Action-Aware Self-Speculative Pruning
- VLA Knows Its Limits: Adaptive Execution Horizons for Robot Policies
- EagleVLA: Towards Onboard Real-Time Robot Control via Foresight-Aligned Asynchronous Inference
- HiPolicy: Hierarchical Multi-Frequency Action Chunking for Policy Learning
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