Flares and flux ropes: an entangled story
astro-ph.SR, astro-ph.HE, physics.plasm-ph, physics.space-ph
Submitted: 2026-10-14
Updated: 2026-10-14
Comments: 11 figures, 33 pages, originally submitted version to Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (revised and reviewed version is being processed)
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: Solar flares serve as standard candles for all magnetic-reconnection-based energy releases, and their consequences into the heliosphere can be modeled from first principles.
Abstract
Solar flares serve as standard candles for all magnetic-reconnection-based energy releases, and their consequences into the heliosphere can be modeled from first principles. This review presents the latest developments in modeling solar flares and their associated flux rope expulsions with state-of-the-art multidimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) descriptions. Observationally established ingredients beyond a single-fluid, thermal plasma evolution have been incorporated to varying degrees, and we highlight self-consistent efforts realized in "standard flare" setups.
Sources
- Exploring impulsive solar magnetic energy release and particle acceleration with focused hard X-ray imaging spectroscopy
- Data-inspired simulation of AR 11158
- Electron acceleration by turbulent reconnection in solar flares
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