HI rotation curves and mass-size relation for 568 galaxies from the Apertif Wide-area Extragalactic Survey

The extended HI rotation curves of galaxies are one of the most powerful tools for studying galaxy evolution and for testing different dark matter and modified gravity models. However, their sample sizes have historically been limited to a few hundred galaxies, mostly due to the survey speed of radio interferometers. Here, we present a first data release of HI kinematic models from the Apertif Wide-area Extragalactic Survey (AWES). Starting from 1924 galaxies detected in HI, we constructed 568 reliable kinematic models, which provide rotation curves, velocity dispersion profiles, surface density profiles, and HI disk geometries. This dataset constitutes the largest homogeneous HI rotation curve sample to date. The HI disks of the modeled galaxies span three orders of magnitude in HI mass, have outer rotation velocities between 20 and 300 km/s, and extend from 2 to more than 60 kpc. The number of data points of the rotation curves ranges from 3 to 23, with a peak value at 4 and a broad tail to larger values. The rotation curves display a variety of inner shapes, but in general, they tend to become flat at large radii. Based on the HI surface density profiles derived during the kinematic modeling, we studied the HI mass-size relation with a large homogeneous sample of 213 galaxies. The relation is very tight, with an observed scatter along the mass direction of 0.101 dex and an inferred intrinsic scatter along the same direction of only 0.067 +/- 0.007 dex. The best fitting slope is 1.96 +/- 0.03 when fitting for mass as a function of size, indicating that HI disks have a constant average surface density.